La ventanilla única, clave del e-gobierno

Roc Fages apuesta por la conexión entre administraciones en Internet para generar una estrategia global de e-gobierno que facilite la comunicación con el ciudadano.

Dos estudios estadounidenses destacan que “el Gobierno Vasco es uno de los que mejor está utilizando las posibilidades del e-gobierno a nivel mundial”.

Portada del libro Red Pública. Clic para comprarloRoc Fages ha presentado recientemente el libro Red pública, en el que trata de analizar cuál es y cuál debe ser el papel de las diferentes administraciones públicas en Internet. Y su apuesta es clara: la “administración única integral e integrada”.

Básicamente, Fages trata de transmitir que en Internet debe existir una ventanilla única de relación del ciudadano con la administración. Si en la vida real las administraciones están comunicadas y, por ejemplo, la diputación alavesa puede cobrarte una multa de tráfico impuesta en Andalucía, en Internet también debería ocurrir lo mismo. Que las distintas administraciones se pongan de acuerdo para ofrecer un único punto de acceso online, a través del cual, el ciudadano pueda realizar con éxito toda relación con ellas (pagar impuestos de circulación, tramitar la apertura de un establecimiento comercial, etc.).

También invita a la participación de los municipios en un plan global de todas las administraciones públicas en un planteamiento global de e-gobierno.

“Las diputaciones forales de Álava, Bizkaia y Gipuzkoa tienen su propia estrategia, vinculada en mayor o menor grado a lo que se hace desde el Gobierno Vasco”, afirma. Un ejemplo está en “la pasarela de pagos online impulsada por el Gobierno, que la han integrado las diputaciones de Gipuzkoa y Alava, todos los ayuntamientos gipuzkoanos, el de Álava y el de Bilbao”.

Es decir, el Ayuntamiento de Bilbao, por ejemplo, ha integrado una pasarela descartada por la Diputación. Esto implica que el ente formal vizcaíno “debe comenzar a vincularse con sus ayuntamientos en cuanto a estrategia de e-gobierno se refiere”.

Este gurú ilustra su apuesta por una única ventanilla en Internet con un ejemplo: “puede ser que los ciudadanos de ciertas comunidades autónomas españolas tengan cuatro identificadores digitales para realizar los trámites online: el de su ciudad, el de su diputación, el de su comunidad autónoma y el DNI digital”. Esto se debe a que “cada administración ha diseñado su propia estrategia, sin tener en cuenta ni la coherencia ni las necesidades del ciudadano”.

Fages pone múltiples ejemplos: lo fácil que resulta conseguir el pasaporte en Singapur (donde el 77% de las relaciones con la administración se puedne realizar a través de la red) o la forma de comunicación online habilitada en el estado americano de Virgina.

La wikipedia se describe el e-gobierno como “el uso de las tecnologías de la información y el conocimiento en los procesos internos de gobierno y en la entrega de los productos y servicios del Estado tanto a los ciudadanos como a la industria. Muchas de las tecnologías involucradas y sus implementaciones son las mismas o similares a aquéllas correspondientes al sector privado del comercio electrónico (o e-business), mientras que otras son específicas o únicas en relación a las necesidades del gobierno”.

Según la Wikipedia, el e-gobierno “se basa principalmente en la implantación de herramientas como portales, ERPs, que en caso de los gobiernos se conocen como GRPs, CRMs, y muchas otras, buscando una mejora en la eficiencia y eficacia de los procesos internos y de vinculación con la sociedad”.

Fages indica que el e-gobierno debe suponer un esfuerzo institucional por “comunicarse con la ciudadanía cuando ella quiera y de la forma que quiera”. Deja claro que “las administraciones públicas han entendido la necesidad readaptarse a los cambios exigidos por la aparición de nuevas formas de comunicación”, pero marca la diferencia “en aquellos gobiernos que están actuando estratégicamente, a diferencia de los que realizan proyectos digitales poco coherentes y pensados para poder entrar en los ranking anuales de administraciones digitalizadas”.

Bien y mal
Esta publicación de Roc Fages, sirve de excusa para revisar la evolución del gobierno electrónico en los últimos años.

En el estado español, los intentos de eGobierno han sido varios. El gobierno popular presentó hace unos años en Gasteiz, con bombo y platillo, el plan Info XXI que resultó un auténtico fracaso.“La percepción hasta ahora era que los políticos en España se llenaban la boca con grandes proyectos de modernización tecnológica y de eGobierno, para luego quedarse todo en palabras y papeles”, indica Fages.

El gobierno actual trabaja ahora en el proyecto red.es, una iniciativa gubernamental destinada principalmente, a “impulsar el desarrollo de la Sociedad de la Información, mediante la ejecución de programas definidos en el Plan Avanza para la convergencia con Europa y entre Comunidades Autónomas”.

Este proyecto también busca “analizar la Sociedad de la Información a través del Observatorio de las Telecomunicaciones y de la Sociedad de la Información, ofrecer asesoría y apoyo específico a la Administración General del Estado y gestionar el registro de nombres de dominios .es”.

Fages deja claro el el blog infogizarte que, según su punto de vista, en Euskadi “se hace muy buen trabajo pero desordenado, sin una estrategia conjunta entre el Gobierno Vasco, las diputaciones y los municipios. La principal tarea pendiente en Euskadi es la implicación de los municipios en una estrategia conjunta para todo el País Vasco”.

Euskadi, bien
En la web de Enpresa Digitala se puede leer que “el Gobierno Vasco es uno de los que mejor está utilizando las posibilidades del e-gobierno a nivel mundial”. Esta web recoge los resultados de “dos recientes estudios: el del Centro de Políticas Públicas de la Universidad de Brown (EE.UU.), que destaca la buena posición de las instituciones españolas, y el de Fundación France Télécom que coloca a Madrid y a la CAV como líderes en estos menesteres a nivel estatal”.

En el informe «Global e-Government 2006» de la Universidad de Brown España aparece en décima posición a nivel mundial. El líder, Corea, tiene nada más y nada menos que 500 servicios ejecutables online, entre los cuales figuran algunos tan curiosos como la búsqueda de familiares perdidos.

No es la única oferta innovadora. Zambia ofrece un servicio de contactos, el Vaticano permite realizar donaciones al Santo Padre, Australia ofrece un buscador de becas, Taiwán dispone de e-learning online y Luxemburgo dispone de asistencia con los deberes de los niños vía web.

—————
Artículo publicado en el Diario de noticias el viernes, 9 de marzo de 2007

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  1. Rotator cuff muscles are additionally included, each in shoulder workouts with dumbbells and shoulder barbell workout routines.
    Overhead presses from a standing place work most of the large muscular tissues in your upper
    physique, with chest and arms getting a great exercise
    together with the shoulders. If you want to solely do
    one shoulder exercise, the overhead press is a
    superb alternative, which is why it is included in lots of our shoulder workouts.

    The shoulder will usually ache and be stiff when at rest after which damage more when the individual makes use of it.
    Or, if you’re assured you can make the subsequent weight jump, that’s an various
    choice. This will simply be depending on the way you really feel, and
    the weights you have access to. Regardless of why it
    occurs, a stronger shoulder can deal with the abuse rather more successfully than a weak one.

    It’s nearly unimaginable to keep observe of your progress and not using a workout log.

    Our app StrengthLog is 100% free to obtain and use as a
    exercise tracker and basic strength coaching app. The again and shoulder routine hits the targeted muscle teams
    from all completely different angles that can help you gain lean muscle mass.
    You might need noticed the absence of deadlifts in the again and triceps workout routine.

    For the primary 24 to forty eight hours after the harm, use an ice
    pack or cold compress on the affected shoulder
    for 15 to twenty minutes every three to four hours. You can use one
    thing so easy as a bundle of frozen peas as a makeshift ice pack.
    Whatever you utilize, do not place the pack directly
    on the skin, as this will lead to frostbite. A heating pad
    eases stiff muscles and joints and it will increase blood circulate to
    the realm. The shoulder is the third most probably joint —
    behind the hips and knees — affected by osteoarthritis.

    Although the shoulder joint does not bear the brunt of the physique’s weight, it might possibly suffer
    comparable cartilage loss, leading to ache and stiffness.
    Irritation of tendons in and around the shoulder
    may cause pain, problem holding an arm out to the entrance or aspect, and clicking, crunching, or catching when the arm is moved.

    Also, keep in mind that you hit your anterior and posterior deltoids together with your again and chest,
    so it is necessary to emphasize lateral delt workouts in your training.
    Clients have completely different experiences with
    the cargo straps’ raise capability. Some discover them
    easy to use and efficient for lifting heavy objects with legs as a substitute of arms.
    However, others report issues where the straps
    don’t lock properly, requiring the usage of forearms to carry heavy
    furniture or fridges.
    The greatest shoulder exercise routines for novices are like the most effective overall shoulder exercise.
    Nonetheless, the concept is to decrease the intensity and quantity of this exercise.
    This will help a beginner acclimate to this full shoulder exercise and not be too sore or exhausted
    from their effort. That’s why I like to include a triceps
    train on Shoulder Day, Chest Day, and Arm Day.
    Together, these heads of the deltoid are responsible for the
    arm’s motion in multiple directions, enjoying a key function in pushing and
    pulling movements.
    Focus on performing the raise in a smooth, controlled movement, bracing your core
    to forestall any momentum from helping to ‘swing’
    the load up. Focus on leading along with your elbow
    and bringing your arms parallel with your shoulders. With many shoulder injuries relating to the rotator cuff, it is important to include shoulder workout routines that
    focus on these smaller muscular tissues to cut back the
    chance of damage.
    Rear deltoid exercises are key to any shoulder workout routine because they aim the muscular tissues behind the
    shoulder. The rear delts enable shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, making them answerable
    for pulling actions and retraction of the shoulder blades in both train and every day life.
    Rear deltoid exercises consist of motions that particularly goal these muscles, including however not restricted to reverse flyes, face pulls,
    and rear deltoid raises. Cable shoulder exercises are a class of resistance coaching workout routines that use cable machines
    to coach the shoulder muscle tissue. Cable workouts usually enable for a higher vary of movement than traditional free weights.
    The exercise is consequently beneficial for constructing strength and measurement within the shoulder muscles, such as the deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius, and rhomboids.
    Cable shoulder exercises contain a extensive range of movements to
    target the muscle tissue of the shoulder.
    By shifting your place, you’ll shift the focus to your entrance delts
    instead. Along along with your seated position, you will additionally take away
    any probability at dishonest your shoulders by starting with the weight on the bottom, so that you’re lifting from a lifeless cease place.
    If you’re nonetheless not sure which is one of the best shoulder exercise for you, head back to the top of the page and
    have another learn of this guide. Traditional pushups do work your shoulders, but if you
    want to change up this exercise slightly to focus on them a
    little bit more, attempt performing pike pushups instead.
    Bent over reverse flyes target a fancy community of
    shoulder muscles, so they are perfect for fitness lovers keen on working this area.

    Under are 5 different shoulder workouts
    to body weight workouts that you can perform with health club gear.
    The following ten body weight workout routines target and
    interact your shoulder muscular tissues, helping you construct power and improve total shoulder function. The anterior deltoid head sits on the
    front of your shoulder joint and inserts onto the clavicle.

    Lateral raises and upright rows accomplished in higher rep ranges (15–30) ought to permit you to really feel your aspect delts working if you fix your method and apply constructing a mind-muscle connection. But
    remember that only your shoulders can raise your arms out to the aspect.
    So when you be positive that your entrance delts aren’t doing the
    work, your facet delts might be compelled to do it.
    Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when the soft tissues round your rotator cuff catch or rub on close by tissue or
    bone as you progress your arm. A frequent reason for shoulder bursitis is an damage that affects
    the shoulder, or from repetitive actions that may overwork the shoulder joint.
    You also can relieve the pain with over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatories, similar to ibuprofen or
    aspirin. Upper arm ache may be a sign of damage and tear, postural problems, an damage or even an underlying medical situation.
    The barbell upright row is an excellent exercise
    that you are able to do at house to construct huge Trapezius 
    muscle tissue. The bent-over face pull is an adduction train that targets posterior delts from a
    special angle than reverse flies and builds agency shoulders.

    The dumbbell shrug works on neck muscles and provides definition to your shoulders.
    You can do it as the final exercise to finish your shoulder coaching.

    Longer rest instances let you use heavier weights and obtain a larger training
    quantity, one of many major elements regulating muscle growth.
    Of course, your exercises take much longer if you rest for five minutes between each set.
    Sturdy biceps muscles play an important role in various sports and actions involving lifting or pulling,
    corresponding to weightlifting, climbing, and throwing.

    And, in fact, they contribute to functional actions in on a daily basis life.

    Strengthening the teres major and minor muscle tissue helps enhance shoulder
    stability, posture, and general upper physique power.

    You can incorporate teres major and minor workouts safely by starting with
    correct kind and utilizing acceptable resistance or weights for your health degree.
    Moreover, you need to solely steadily increase the depth and
    weight as your energy improves as it may in any other case lead to damage.
    Bodyweight shoulder workouts include pike push-ups, handstand
    push-ups, and shoulder faucets. Bodyweight exercises are
    a method of strengthening your shoulders without weights or machines.
    The workouts are consequently ideal for beginners or readers who don’t have entry to the health club or don’t have time
    to get there often.
    But generally, simply because you’re harm doesn’t mean you should avoid shoulder
    workouts, Dr. Scantlebury says. In fact, weaving in more of
    them may actually be what helps you quash the aches, pains, and niggles if your issues are
    because of weak point or instability surrounding the joint.
    Additionally, there could additionally be small tweaks you’ll find a way to make—like switching up your grip
    on the overhead press, for example—to make issues extra comfy.

    The seated dumbbell shoulder press is among the safer shoulder exercises with dumbbells which additionally assists the event of rotator cuff muscle tissue.

    If your arm travels away out of your physique in a lateral course,
    it’ll put your shoulder under pointless stress.

    Press the bar to an overhead position with straight arms with out bouncing or utilizing your leg drive.
    Involving your decrease physique for momentum turns the
    overhead press into a push press, which is a wonderful exercise in its personal right.
    Nevertheless, you’re trying to isolate your delts right here,
    not work your whole physique, so maintain it strict and let your shoulders do the work.

    Third, pay consideration to your limitations and consider any
    current circumstances or accidents earlier than trying pain-relieving shoulder workouts.
    The shoulder workouts talked about within the list above should be accomplished by gymgoers who expertise shoulder
    pain because of improper alignment.
    Shoulder joints may be susceptible to damage, so you should consider
    restricting training your shoulders intensely to
    at least one or two periods per week. Shoulders are composed of three heads,
    the anterior, medial and posterior, otherwise generally known as the front,
    facet, and rear delts. The impacted muscles get a tough exercise, so you will need time to get
    well before performing the exercise once more.

    Also look to differ your stance, especially to an asymmetrical arrange.
    Feel free to show one foot out a bit and even come up on the ball of your foot on one facet (stagger/ B-stance).
    For mild injuries brought on by overuse, a physician might recommend adjusting exercise routines
    to accommodate the injury and forestall it from worsening.

    You can find out loads extra in regards to the causes, signs, analysis and therapy
    of left arm pain from tendonitis within the Supraspinatus Tendonitis and
    Biceps Tendonitis sections. Left shoulder ache can affect anybody and could
    also be attributable to a variety of completely different issues, which may
    stem instantly from the shoulder joint itself or be referred from
    surrounding areas. Expect to visit your therapist no much less than as soon as per week
    for four to six weeks before you see any improvements in shoulder ache
    and function. If your symptoms haven’t improved considerably in about six weeks, you may have to see an orthopedic
    specialist to debate other treatment options. Instantly after an harm, ice
    helps cut back inflammation and numbs the pain.
    It found that sixty seven percent of the research members slept on the identical aspect that they have been experiencing shoulder
    ache. There are a number of possible causes of shoulder pain that could happen while you’re sleeping.
    In this article, we’ll discover every of them in more detail in addition to the steps you’ll find a way to take to help
    get a restful night’s sleep. Upper arm ache from nerve injury is commonly accompanied by pins and needles and/or numbness within the arm or burning shoulder pain. Pressure on the nerves that run from the neck across
    the shoulder and down the arm could cause ache in the higher arm.

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